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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*u"l/e-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to scrape earth, digface="Times New Roman Star"ñêðåñòè çåìëþ, êîïàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"u"s?e- (MK)














face="Times New Roman Star"u"z?e-










face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 256.
face="Times New Roman Star"*u"l/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to perforate, cut a hole in 2 drill, borerface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïðîêàëûâàòü, áóðàâèòü 2 áóðàâ
face="Times New Roman Star"u"s?- (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"u"s?- 1




face="Times New Roman Star"u"s?ku", u"s?gu" 2 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"u"s?gi 2 (dial.)








face="Times New Roman Star"u"s?u"- 1, u"s?ku" 2face="Times New Roman Star"u"ski> 2







face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 256, ÝÑÒß 1, 643-644, VEWT 523.
face="Times New Roman Star"*im-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 public gathering 2 to gather 3 collective workface="Times New Roman Star"1 íàðîäíîå ñîáðàíèå 2 ñîáèðàòü 3 ïîìî÷ü, îáùèé òðóäface="Times New Roman Star"imer- 2face="Times New Roman Star"imren (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"imez?|e 3

























face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 633-634.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Apylface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"hoeface="Times New Roman Star"ìîòûãà










face="Times New Roman Star"abylface="Times New Roman Star"abyl, dial. o:l (Leb.)





face="Times New Roman Star"abyl-qasym 'one of the pegs in a plough'








face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 2. Despite late and sparse attestation hardly borrowed from Mong. - for semantic and phonetic reasons, despite Àíèêèí 73.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ul/a-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 small, minute 2 to become crushed, pulverized, smaller 3 to crush, pulverizeface="Times New Roman Star"1 ìåëêèé, ìàëåíüêèé 2 äðîáèòüñÿ, ñòàíîâèòüñÿ ìåíüøå 3 ðàñòèðàòü, äðîáèòü
face="Times New Roman Star"us?a-l- 2, us?aq 1face="Times New Roman Star"us?ak 1
face="Times New Roman Star"us?aq 1, us?al- 2 (Áîð. Áàä.), us?at- 3 (Áîð. Áàä., Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"us?al- 2, us?o|q 1face="Times New Roman Star"us?aq (dial.), us?s?aq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"us?aG 1face="Times New Roman Star"us?a- 2, us?aq 1face="Times New Roman Star"uzax 1
face="Times New Roman Star"uz?a- 3





face="Times New Roman Star"us?at- 3, us?aq 1face="Times New Roman Star"u>saq 1, u>sat- 3


face="Times New Roman Star"us?aq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"usaq 1, usat- 3

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 16, 262 (deriving the forms from uvs?a- which is hardly the case), ÝÑÒß 1, 617-618.
face="Times New Roman Star"*yraface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"character, dispositionface="Times New Roman Star"õàðàêòåð, ðàñïîëîæåíèå

face="Times New Roman Star"yraface="Times New Roman Star"yraj (dial.)







face="Times New Roman Star"yra





face="Times New Roman Star"yraj





face="Times New Roman Star"yraj

face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 659-660.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"s-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to hobble, fetter 2 fettersface="Times New Roman Star"1 òðåíîæèòü, ïóòàòü 2 ïóòû
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"su"r- 1, ko"sru"k 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ste- (dial.) 1, ko"stek 2





face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ssek 2






face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ste- 1, ko"steg 2





face="Times New Roman Star"ko"stek 2



face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 121-122.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kasyface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"enclosureface="Times New Roman Star"çàãîí, îãîðîæåííîå ìåñòî
face="Times New Roman Star"qasy (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"qasu (dial.)










face="Times New Roman Star"xoz?ú 'space, surroundings'

face="Times New Roman Star"qazanaq 'shed, kennel'










face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 666, ÝÑÒß 5, 346-347.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kol/-lukface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 iron arrow-head 2 arrow with iron headface="Times New Roman Star"1 æåëåçíûé íàêîíå÷íèê ñòðåëû 2 ñòðåëà ñ æåëåçíûì íàêîíå÷íèêîì









face="Times New Roman Star"xosta 1, 2



face="Times New Roman Star"kustuk 2












face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 283. Turk. > Mansi kuo|s?lo|x. A Siberian word; but deriving it from *Kul/ 'bird' is hardly possible, despite Stachowski 162.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jelbeface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"a k. of small birdface="Times New Roman Star"âèä ìàëåíüêîé ïòè÷êè

face="Times New Roman Star"jelve
face="Times New Roman Star"ja"lva" (AH)




face="Times New Roman Star"jelbegej 'a k. of bird' (Âåðá.)
face="Times New Roman Star"d/elec?i 'titmouse'















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 196, TMN 4, 192.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bA:jk-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"owlface="Times New Roman Star"ñîâà

face="Times New Roman Star"bajkus?; bajkara 'hawk'
face="Times New Roman Star"bajqus?, bajqyz



face="Times New Roman Star"ba:jGus?
face="Times New Roman Star"pajoq 'a k. of bird'







face="Times New Roman Star"bajg|yz







face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 57, ÝÑÒß 2, 32-33. Turk. > MMong. (ZM) beiqus?.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bekem
face="Times New Roman Star"wood hen










face="Times New Roman Star"pigem 'ñàìêà ãëóõàðÿ'face="Times New Roman Star"pegem 'ñàìêà ãëóõàðÿ'face="Times New Roman Star"pegem 'òåòåðåâ' (Áàñê. Ëåá.)















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 382.
face="Times New Roman Star"*umajface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 placenta, afterbirth 2 goddess of birthface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïëàöåíòà, ïîñëåä 2 áîãèíÿ ðîæäåíèÿface="Times New Roman Star"umaj 2 (Orkh.), 1 (OUygh. - NPr)face="Times New Roman Star"umaj 1, 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"umaz?|i 'bugaboo'
face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) umaj 1 (Ettuhf.)




face="Times New Roman Star"ymaj 2face="Times New Roman Star"umaj 2 (R)






face="Times New Roman Star"umaj 2








face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 164-165.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ejeku"face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"side, upper ribface="Times New Roman Star"áîê, âåðõíåå ðåáðîface="Times New Roman Star"ejegu" (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ejegu" (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"eje; (Osm.) ejegi
face="Times New Roman Star"ejegu", u"jegi (Sangl.)








face="Times New Roman Star"ajúkface="Times New Roman Star"ojog|os ( < *ajaku-c??)face="Times New Roman Star"ojogosface="Times New Roman Star"e:giface="Times New Roman Star"e:?gi









face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 38, EDT 272, Åãîðîâ 38, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 64, Ëåêñèêà 275, Stachowski 190.
face="Times New Roman Star"*y-na-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"thatface="Times New Roman Star"òîò








face="Times New Roman Star"yna-ru


face="Times New Roman Star"y/na


face="Times New Roman Star"ynda `there', yndyg| 'such'face="Times New Roman Star"ynda `there'










face="Times New Roman Star"*Ar-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"giftface="Times New Roman Star"äàð
face="Times New Roman Star"armag|an (MK, Oghuz)face="Times New Roman Star"armag|an
face="Times New Roman Star"armag|an


face="Times New Roman Star"armag|an









face="Times New Roman Star"arna- 'to dedicate, design for'








face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 231, 232, VEWT 27.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Agyface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 treasure 2 silk brocadeface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñîêðîâèùå 2 ïàð÷àface="Times New Roman Star"ag|y (Orkh., OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"ag|y (MK, KB) 2face="Times New Roman Star"Osm. ag|y, dial. ag|y 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ag|y 2























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 78. Clauson points out that the oldest attested meaning is 'treasure', later concretized to 'silk brocade'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o":k-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to belch 2 to nauseateface="Times New Roman Star"1 ðûãàòü 2 ÷óâñòâîâàòü òîøíîòó

face="Times New Roman Star"o"ju"r- 1,2
face="Times New Roman Star"o"ki- (AH) 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"ji>- (dial.)


face="Times New Roman Star"o":ge- 2




face="Times New Roman Star"o"gu"j- 1












face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 503.
face="Times New Roman Star"*or-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to dig 2 hole, pit 3 to tear out, drag outface="Times New Roman Star"1 êîïàòü 2 äûðà, ÿìà 3 âûðûâàòü, âûòàñêèâàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"oru 2 (MK)






face="Times New Roman Star"or- 1, or 2



face="Times New Roman Star"var 2face="Times New Roman Star"oro:- 3face="Times New Roman Star"oro:- 3











face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 466-468, TMN 2, 144, Stachowski 196. Turk. > Kalm. ur 'hole, pit'. The Chuv. form may point to a variant *o:r (?).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ukface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"felt stockingface="Times New Roman Star"âîéëî÷íûé ÷óëîê
face="Times New Roman Star"ug|uq (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"uq (Pav. C.)




face="Times New Roman Star"ux
face="Times New Roman Star"uq



face="Times New Roman Star"uq










face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 83, ÝÑÒß 1, 581, Ëåêñèêà 481. The form in MK is probably = *uk-ug (derived from the simple *uk reflected elsewhere). The root should be distinguished from *ujuk (v. sub *ujV(k`V)).
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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